试论生态学的一门分支学科:环境耐性生态学

A review of the environmental tolerance ecology:A branch of ecology

针对目前对生态学的学科分支情况,及生态学的发展趋势和环境灾害的启示,提出了"环境耐性生态学"这一生态学的分支学科。初步明确了这一分支学科的概念,提出了它的3个研究层次的研究框架,即耐性特征、耐性规律及提高耐性的方法与途径,指出了它的核心思想是:把自然环境看成是具有"生命"的系统,有一定的耐性能力和自我恢复能力,也具有自然免疫的特征和能力。同时,指出了当前急需确定的3个生态环境耐性指标,即容许侵蚀量、容许施肥量和容许承载量。

This paper reviews the concept of the new branch of ecological environment-environmental tolerance ecology based on the potential future development of the subject as well as the signals from environmental hazards. The new branch includes 3 stages of investigation： tolerance characteristics, natures and the means of increasing tolerance. The fundamental of the branch is that natural environment should be regarded as a live system, which has certain capacity of tolerance and self-restoration, as well as certain capacity of natural immunity. Meanwhile, it is suggested that soil loss tolerance, fertilizer application tolerance and land use tolerance should be determined in order to sustain agricultural production and environmental quality.