PAHs在我国土壤中的污染现状及其研究进展

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) pollution in soils in China:Recent advances and future prospects

土壤多环芳烃(PAHs)污染控制是当前土壤污染防治与保护的热点问题之一,开展土壤中PAHs污染分布规律、污染机理、归宿与控制技术的研究,对于土壤与地下水环境的生态安全具有重要意义。文章简要论述了我国土壤中PAHs污染水平、分布特点,并对未来该领域需要进一步研究的科学问题进行了展望。分析表明:(1)我国土壤已普遍受PAHs污染,大部分地区PAHs土壤污染水平主要集中在中低污染水平,污染生态风险较小,但PAHs在我国土壤中呈不断积累的趋势;(2)北京、大连、天津、上海、厦门等地土壤中PAHs的污染最严重,污染水平属于严重污染,存在不可忽视的生态风险,要恢复其土壤多种用途具有很大困难;(3)在同一区域内,城区、郊区和农村的土壤中的PAHs污染水平具有依次降低的趋势,不同功能区之间土壤中PAHs的污染存在明显的差异,充分说明了人类活动对区域内PAHs的污染所带来的影响;(4)由于我国南北方在气候、能源结构等方面的差异,使得我国南北方土壤中PAHs的污染水平、分布特征和毒性特点有所不同。

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） pollution in soil has become one of the important directions of environment pollution and control of soil at present. It is important to investigate distributing and transferring rules, mechanism, destination and control technology for ensuring the safety of soil and groundwater environment. This article briefly reviews progress and current research on the pollution level and the distributing characteristic of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in soil in China. And The authors also made prospects for the research in the future. The analysis results showed, （1） soils were universally polluted by PAHs, and the contaminations kept at moderate-low level in most areas, with low ecological risk level, while the PAHs have shown the tendency of increasingly cumulated in soils. （2） The soil in Beijing, Dalian, Tianjin, Shanghai and Xiamen were seriously pol- luted by PAHs, and it was hard to recover the multi-functional of the soil since the non-ignorable ecological risk. （3） The PAHs con- centrations level in soil showed decreasing tendency from urban suburban, to rural area in the same region, which was associated with the obvious difference of PAHs pollution in different function areas fully illustrated the influence of human activities. （4） The level of pollution, distributing characteristic and toxicity of PAHs were different between the soil of north and south of China due to the different of the weather and energy structure.