治疗鼠疫药物的筛选

Screening of the new types of antibiotics for the treatment of plague

目的筛选治疗鼠疫的新型抗生素。方法采用纸片扩散(K-B)法进行鼠疫菌药敏试验;用环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、头孢曲松钠治疗感染鼠疫实验动物疗效观察;将新型抗菌药物应用于人间鼠疫病例临床治疗。结果药敏试验表明鼠疫菌对所试30种抗菌药物有20种高度敏感,以β-内酰胺类的敏感性最好,喹诺酮类次之,氨基糖甙类尚可,大环内酯类则较差;环丙沙星和诺氟沙星治疗实验感染动物鼠疫的治愈率为100%,头孢曲松钠的疗效则依据剂量不同其效果也不同,400、150、50mg/kg组的治愈率分别为45.16%、80.00%、93.30%;新型抗菌药物应用于鼠疫病例治疗可痊愈并缩短病程。结论环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、头孢曲松钠治疗感染鼠疫实验动物有较好疗效,用于人间鼠疫病人的治疗可缩短病程,减少链霉素用量。

To screen the new types of antibiotics for the treatment of plague, drug-susceptibility test for Yersinia pestis was performed by disc-diffusion method （K-B）. The therapeutic effect was observed in experimental animal model infected with Y. pestis and treated with various kinds of antibiotics, such as ciproflaxin, norfloxacin, eeftriaxone sodium, which were to be used in clinic. As demonstrated by the drug susceptibility test, Y. pestis was sensitive to all these 30 antibiotics used, in which 20 of them were highly sensitive ,among which β-lactam antibiotics was the best; qinolone took the second place; aminoglycoside only had ordinary therapeutic effect and the therapeutic effect of macrolide was rather poor. The cure rate of treatment with ciproflaxin or norfloxacin in experimental animal model infected with Y. pestis was 100 %. And those of ceftriaxone sodium with 3 different doses of antibiotics （400 rag, 150 mg and 50 mg/kg） were 45.16%, 80.00% and 93.30%respectively. It is concluded that the use of new type of antibiotics can cure or shorten the course of infection with plague.