赴非洲返回劳务人员疟疾发病调查与控制措施

The investigation of malaria incidence and control among returning laborers from Africa

目的调查赴非洲返回劳务人员疟疾发病情况,探索阻止输入性疟疾在当地传播的有效方法。方法建立赴非洲务工返回人员登记管理制度,开展流行病学调查,对现症病人、带虫者、既往有疟史者给予不同服药方案的治疗,随访治疗效果与周围当地人群疟疾发病情况,资料用Excel进行统计分析。结果共调查120名赴非洲几内亚务工回国人员,外出期间疟疾患病率90.83%,回国后发病率24.17%。抗疟药物治愈率为:双氢青蒿素哌喹片93.75%,氯伯8d疗法76.46%,青蒿琥酯42.86%。伯氨喹休止期服药有效率90.70%。结论赴非洲劳务人员外出期间疟疾患病率高,回国后复发率高,需加强管理;规范服用抗疟药物治疗效果可靠,休止期服药效果肯定,综合性控制措施可以有效控制输入性病例在当地引起的传播。

Objective To study effective methods that will prevent the transmission of imported malaria, based on incidences of malaria among returning laborers from Africa. Methods The registration and management for returning laborers from Africa was established, and epidemiologic investigations were conducted. In the most prevailing cases, carriers and patients with past medical history were given different treatments which were then followed up with observations on the effects of treatment. All the data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results A total of 120 laborers were investigated and the incidence rate was 90.83% in Africa and 24. 17% at home. The cure rate of Dihydroartemisinin and Piperaquine Phosphate Tablets, 8 day chloroquine and primaquine, Artesunate, primaquine in resting phase was 93.75%, 76.46%,42.86%, 90.70%, respectively. Conclusion The returning laborers had a high malaria incidence in Africa and a high recurrence rate after returning, and thus should be supervised closely. The anti-malarial effect was not significant unless the patients were taking medication routinely, and taking medication during resting period was also very effective. In brief, the spread of imported malaria can be prevented by using integrated measures.