侵权法因果关系中的原因介述

Causes of Causation in Tort Law

建立在哲学因果关系上的法律因果关系理论长期以来在大陆法系与英美法系中有诸多流派,影响最大的是相当因果关系说、法规目的说和可预见理论。侵权法上的原因在国内学界有过行为原因说、过错原因说、违法行为说、加害行为说、侵权行为说等,但加害行为与介入因素作为原因是较全面的观念。在适用因果关系理论解决损害赔偿案件时则要确立责任成立的因果关系和责任范围的因果关系,吸收相当因果关系的合理内核,借鉴英美法上事实因果关系与法律因果关系之先后二分方法是有实效的。在认定规则可以采用直接原因规则、相当因果关系规则、推定因果关系规则、法律原因规则,以落实司法客观、公正、高效精神。

There are a lot of theories on legal causation both in continent law system and common law system. Relative causation theory, the scope of the law theory and the foreseeable theory have the greatest impact among these theories. In our country, there are some theories to explain the causation in tort law such as Action theory, Faulty theory, Illegal action theory, Inflictive action theory, Tortious theory. Inflictive reasonable as cause in tort law. The causation of determining the existence of res action and fact of interposition are ponsibility and the scope of the responsibility is required when causation theory is used to resolve tort law cases. Besides, the reasonable aspect of adequate cause theory and the division of causation in fact and causation in law in common law system is effective. To ensure judicial objectivity, judicial justice and efficiency, we should adopt the rule of direct cause, the rule of adequate cause, the rule of putative cause and the rule of legal cause.