法国区域规划50年

50 Years of Regional Planning in France

旨在综合二战至今法国区域规划政策的经验。在这半个多世纪里,法国的地理和社会发生了深刻的变革。主要的设想和准则是揭示不同阶段中发展运行模式与公共政策目标、工具之间所存在的关系。这些阶段可以被界定为:二战后的重建期,大致从1945年至1950年代中期;剧烈增长期,所谓的"光荣的30年",也就是"福特主义"工业扩张期,直到1970年代中期的;重组期,紧随着1974年石油危机(其影响深远,绝非一个短期事件),直到1980年代末;当前的"弹性发展"期,全球化和对地方发展的关注是这一时期的特征。这一时期也可看作当前金融与经济危机的发端,其即将到来的影响尚无法确定。通过数次发展速度和内容上决定性的变革,这一回顾性的分析显示公共权力机构能够(必须)对经济地理产生实实在在的影响,即使在市场导向的资本主义经济中。这一材料可以为国际比较提供有益的基础,尤其是对于经济发展、城市化和区域转变都非常剧烈的中国。

The aim of the paper is a synthesis of the experience of regional planning policies in France from WWII till now. In about half a century, French geography and society have deeply changed. The main assumption and guiding line is that a strong relationship exists between the model of development operating during different phases of this period and the targets and tools of public policies. These phases are identified and characterised as follows： the reconstruction period, after world war II, roughly from 1945 to mid 50; the intense growth period, sometimes called the ＂Thirty glorious years＂, i.e. the time of ＂fordism＂ industrial expansion, up to mid 70＇; the reorganization period, following the oil shock of 1974, but with much deeper consequences than just a short-range event, till the end of the 80; the current ＂flexible development＂ period, characterized with both globalisation and attention to local development. This period also sees the opening of the present financial and economic crisis, the forthcoming effects of which cannot yet be identified. Through several crucial changes both in the speed and in the content of development, this retrospective analysis shows that public authorities can （must） have a real influence on economic geography, even in a market-oriented capitalist economy. This material can provide useful basis for international comparisons, especially with China where economic development, urbanisation and regional shifts are particularly intense.