法国的城市政策——社会融合作为解决隔离问题的公共手段?

City Policy in France——Social Mix as a Public Answer to Segregation?

法国与欧洲其他国家一样,自上个世纪80年代开始实施新的"地区政策",以减少隔离及其在相关城市区域与贫困人群的整合过程中所产生的"消极"影响。即使2003年推行的城市更新计划在城市与社会行动之间引起一定的割裂,但80年代所确立的三个支柱——地域的、综合的以及参与式的政策——却依然适用。作为一种避免"贫困社区"的适当方式,"社会融合"的理念开始越来越多地在不同层面被城市政策所采纳。社会住房问题在城市更新的多样化战略中是一个关键问题,正如《社会团结与城市更新法》所规定的那样,地方政府在社会住房少于20%的情况下应加强社会住房建设。这些社会融合策略的社会影响并不是非常明显,它与迁移进程、地方市场是相关联的,而公共行动对这些因素并没有予以足够重视。

France, as other European countries since the eighties, has implemented new ＂area-based policies＂ in the aim of reducing segregation and its ＂negative＂ effects on poor people integration process and on urban areas concerned. The three pillars of a territorial, global and participative action, defined in the eighties, are still remained, even if the urban renewal program of 2003 introduced a kind of cut between urban and social action. More and more, at different levels, the idea of ＂social mix＂ strategies as a pertinent answer to avoid ＂poor neighbourhoods＂ has been asserted in urban policies. The social housing sector is a key issue as well in urban renewal diversification strategies, as in the Solidarity and urban renewal Law that forced local authorities with less than 20 % of social housing to build more. The social effects of these social mix strategies are not so obvious and linked to mobility process and local markets, that are not so much taking into account in public action.