灾害与明代吏治

Disasters and Administration of Officials of Ming Dynasty

受"灾异天谴说"的影响,明人往往将灾害视为上天的谴告,视吏治不修为重要的致灾之由,整顿吏治为重要的弭灾之道。为消弭灾谴,明政府一方面主动加强对整个吏治的整顿;一方面在官员因灾上言的推动下,在大臣因灾乞罢的传统之中对人事进行调整。可以说,灾害的发生为吏治整顿提供了重要契机。反过来讲,吏治对灾害也有着重要影响。明前期吏治较为清明则灾害较少,或有灾无害;明后期吏治腐败则灾害较多,或小灾变大灾。二者相互影响,相互促动。

n the influence of ＂The theory of Calamity punishments by Nature＂, disaster still was regarded as the punishment by God in the Ming Dynasty,and government looked upon rectifying the administration to avert disaster as the important work. Ming Dynasty took initiative measures to strengthen the consolidation of governments. Conversely, the degree of clean government has great relations with the disaster. In short, disasters and administration influenced each other.