外交活动中语言的元语用意识分析

The Analysis of Language's Metapragmatic Awareness in Diplomatic Affairs

在外交事务中,外交人员经常会用模糊策略来表达一方的观点或态度。元语用意识是指语言使用者在语言活动中进行特定的语言选择时所具备的调控意识。元语用意识的典型表现就是语用含糊,即说话人为了达到特定的交际目的,把原本可以清楚表达的意义模糊化。外交话语中的这种元语用意识可以通过词汇、句法、段落等层面得到体现。模糊语言的使用可以提高语言表达的效率,增加语言表达的灵活性,使语言更委婉、含蓄、礼貌,能够收到理想的表达效果。实现语用含糊的语言手段只是说话人的元语用意识在语言结构层面上的反映,但是元语用意识在语言选择过程中的调控作用并不是自发的或与生俱来的,而是为了顺应不同的社会、文化、心理以及环境等因素而执行的。

In diplomatic affairs, diplomatic officials often use vagueness as a kind of strategy to express their views. Metapragmatic awareness is the speaker＇s controlling awareness when he chooses particular words to express his ideas. The typical representation of metapragmatic awareness is pragmatic vagueness, by which the speaker can make his words more confused according to specific intentions. In diplomatic language, this kind of metapragmatic awareness can be realized through vocabulary, syntax and paragraph. The use of vague language can improve the efficiency and flexibility of language expression, what＇s more, it can also make language more euphemistic, obscure and polite, so that the speaker can get the ideal results in the end. However, the controlling intention of metapragmatic awareness during the choice of language is not spontaneous or inherent, which is carried out when the speaker manipulates language to adapt to different social, cultural, paychological and contextual factors.