不同氮·钾水平对小麦产量和氮·钾养分吸收利用的影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen and Potassium Levels on Wheat Yield and Uptake and Utilization of Nitrogen and Potassium Nutrients

[目的]为氮、钾肥在小麦生产中的科学施用提供理论与技术依据。[方法]采用随机区组设计,通过田间试验研究了不同氮、钾水平对小麦产量和氮、钾养分吸收利用的影响。[结果]处理N210K150的小麦产量最高,达7 950.0 kg/hm2。单独施用钾肥的增产幅度为5.89%～11.00%。氮肥用量为180、210和240 kg/hm2时,钾肥的增产幅度分别达17.87%～26.62%、19.18%～27.10%和20.12%～28.18%,不施钾肥时,氮肥的增产幅度为9.41%～11.67%。钾肥用量为75和150 kg/hm2时,氮肥的增产幅度分别为72.54%～84.42%和76.81%～87.61%。施氮量、施钾量和氮钾交互作用对烟农19产量的贡献率分别为82.90%、14.63%和2.47%,不施钾肥时,氮素的吸收利用率为38.61%～45.16%;钾肥用量为75和150 kg/hm2时,氮素的吸收利用率分别为40.82%～48.68%和43.87%～50.71%。不施氮肥时,钾素的吸收利用率为8.79%～12.84%;氮肥用量为180、210和240 kg/hm2时,钾素的吸收利用率分别为11.24%～12.60%、16.87%～17.90%和16.27%～16.34%。[结论]单独施用氮、钾肥能显著提高小麦产量,合理配施氮钾肥的效果更好。

[ Objeetive] The research aimed to provide theoretical and technical basis for the scientific application of nitrogen （N） and potassium （K） fertilizers in the production of wheat. [ Method] The effects of different N and K levels on wheat yield and uptake and utilization of N and K nutrients were researched by using randomized block design in the field experiment. [ Result I The wheat yield of treatment N210K150 was highest and it was up to 7 950.0 kg/hm^2. The increase range in yield of applying K fertilizer alone was 5.89% - 1 1.0%. When the N application amount was 180,210 and 240 kg/hm^2 ,the increase ranges in yield of K fertilizer were up to 17.87% - 26.62%, 19.18% - 27.10% and 20. 12% - 28.18% resp. When there was no K fertilizer applied, the increase range in yield of N fertilizer was 9.41% - 11.67%. When the K application a- mount was 75 and 150 kg/hm^2, the increase ranges in yield of N fertilizer were 72.54% - 84.42% and 76.81% - 87.61% resp. The contribution rates of N and K application amounts and their interaction to the yield of Yannong 19 were 82.90% , 14.63% and 2.47% resp. When there was no K fertilizer applied,the uptake and utilization rate of N was 38.61% -45.16%. When the K application amount was 75 and 150 kg/hm^2 ,the uptake and utilization rates of N were 40.82% - 48.68% and 43.87% - 50.71% resp. When there was no N fertilizer applied, the uptake and utilization rate of K was 8.79% - 12.84%. When the N application amount was 180,210 and 240 kg/hm^2 ,the uptake and utilization rates of K were 11.24% - 12.60%, 16.87% - 17.90% and 16.27% - 16.34% resp. [ Conclusion] The alone applications of N and K fertilizers could enhance wheat yield significantly and the effect of their reasonable combined application was better.