东营市酸雨状况对农业的影响及应对措施

Impact of Acid rain on Agriculture Situation and Countermeasures in Dongying City

应用东营地面观测站2005年9月～2008年8月的酸雨观测资料,分析了东营市的酸雨特征,并讨论了酸雨对农业的影响。结果表明:141个降水样本中酸雨频率为55.3%,11月最多,达100%,12月最少为25%;酸雨频率具有明显的季节性,即秋季>夏季>冬季>春季;酸雨的年变化趋势基本呈波浪状,但由于资料的年限较短,还需进一步总结订正;酸雨频率与雨量大小有密切关系,基本按小雨<中雨<大雨<暴雨的次序直线上升;农田长期受酸雨危害会影响土壤的pH值,农田土壤酸性与酸雨强度有正相关关系。当酸雨输入超过土壤缓冲能力时,土壤就会呈现酸化,使土壤的物理化学性质发生变化。由于酸雨是使农田土壤酸化的主要原因,所以建议加强城市排放的严格管理,提高能源利用率;另外还要合理利用土壤,尽量减少土壤的酸性,加强对农田环境的保护。

Acicl rain characteristics were analyzed which applied by acid rain data of ground-based observatories in Dongying from Sep. 2005 to Aug. 2008, and the impact of acid rain on agriculture were discussed. The results showed that acid rain frequency was 55.3%, up to November, reaching 100%, in December at least 25% among 141 precipitation samples. The frequency of acid rain had obvious seasonal, that was autumn 〉 summer 〉 winter 〉 spring; Change trend of acid rain was high - and low - interlacing, but the data had a shorter period, so needed to be further summarized and revised ; the occurrence of acid rain and rainfall had a close relationship, that was light rain 〈 moderate rain 〈 heavy rain 〈 rainstorm, pH value of farmland will be affected by long-term hazards acid rain, soil acidity and acid rain intensity had a positive correlation. When the input of acid rain over the soil buffer capacity, soil acidification will be presented acidification which made the soil physical and chemical properties changed. Since acid rain was the main reason for acidification of farmland, it was proposed to strengthen the urban emissions of strict management, improve energy efficiency ; In addition, the rational use of soil to minimize soil acidity, and strengthen environmental protection of farmland.