水源保护区农村生活污染排放特征研究

Study on the Discharged Characteristics of Rural Domestic Pollution in Water Source Protection Areas

[目的]考察农村生活污染的主要来源及其排放特征。[方法]以密云水库为例,通过调查与监测的方法,探讨了密云水库流域部分村庄生活污染的产生与排放特征。[结果]农村生活污水年均排放量为21.59 L,人均年排放量为0.29 kg。研究区农村用水浪费严重,垃圾收集处理率低,人粪尿虽大部分回收利用但流失量仍较高:生活污水污染物人均年排放总氮、总磷和化学需氧量分别为0.35、0.04和3.33 kg;人粪尿污染物直接向环境中的人均年流失总氮、总磷和化学需氧量分别为1.04、0.18和0.67 kg;生活垃圾中污染物潜在人均年流失总氮和总磷分别为1.69和0.58 kg。生活垃圾与人粪尿对环境有较大的潜在危害。[结论]该研究明确了生活污水、生活垃圾和人粪尿是农村生活污染的三大来源。

[ Objective ] The study aimed to investigate the main origin of rural domestic pollution and its discharged characteristics. [ Method ] With Miyun Reservoir as the case,the production of rural domestic pollution and its discharge characteristics in part villages of Miyun Reservoir valley were discussed through investigation and monitoring. [ Result] The average annual discharge amount of household wastewater was 21.59 L, with the annual discharge per person of 0.29 kg. The rural water-using was wasted seriously,the rate of garbage collection and disposal was low and the dejecta loss was still higher although the dejecta was recyclyed mostly in researching region.. It was calculated that the annual discharge of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand from the household wastewater per person was 0.35,0.04 and 3.33 kg; the annual loss amount per person of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand from dejecta that directly discharged into the environment was 1. 04,0. 18 and 0.67 kg ; the potential annual loss amount per person of total nitrogen and total phosphorus from rural garbage was 1.69 and 0.58 kg. So the garbage and dejecta had greater potential harm on the environment. [ Conclusion] There were 3 kinds of main pollution sources as the household wastewater,rural garbage and dejecta.