女性特殊劳动权益保护的负效应分析及消解

Negative Effect Analysis and the Resolution of Special Protection for Women's Labor Rights

我国立法基于"差别平等"的理念,试图通过劳动"解放"妇女,发挥妇女的工业劳动人力资源价值,规定以"劳动禁忌"和"四期保护"为核心的女性特殊劳动权益保障,这些立法在社会主义早期起到了相当重要的作用,但在社会转型后,也诱发了一系列负效应,主要表现为女性平等就业权遭到侵害、性别职业隔离、女性的职业发展权益受到限制、女性的收入待遇和退休权益受到损害。其原因是相关立法指导思想的局限性、特别保护的内容不合理、企业保护成本过大等。对于这一过度保护导致的歧视,还未引起学界的足够重视,本文所要探索的正是妇女劳动权益保护的负效应及消解之道。

Based on the conception of ＂differential equality＂, China＇s legislation establishes special protection for women＇s labor rights. Meanwhile, the legislation also induces a series of negative effects, which mainly lies in the infringement of women＇s equal employment rights, occupational sex segregation, the restriction of women＇s professional development rights and the impairment of women＇s income and demission rights. The reasons are the limitation of relevant legislation＇s instructional ideology, unreasonable content of special protection and oversize cost of the enterprise＇s protection. Several measures are proposed to resolve the negative effects of special protection for women＇s labor rights and realize better protection for women＇s rights, which includes the construction of new labor standard for men and women, social overall planning of special protection expenses for women＇s labor rights and well establishment of remedy approaches.