黑龙江省典型黑土区土壤生态环境质量评价

Evaluation of soil ecological environment quality of typical black soils in Heilongjiang Province

黑土土壤生态环境质量评价是开发、利用和保护黑土的关键和基础。该文在已有研究的基础上,从宏观和中观角度,以黑龙江的嫩江县、克山县、五大连池市和海伦市作为研究的评价区;依据土壤环境质量评价标准,主要运用分级标准比例法、德尔斐法和模糊综合评价法,综合考虑影响黑土土壤生态环境质量的因素,结合评价区土壤生态环境的现状,构建了黑龙江省典型黑土区土壤生态环境质量评价体系,该体系从土壤侵蚀、土壤污染和土壤肥力退化三大评价因子共13个单项指标,对4个评价区的土壤生态环境质量进行评价与比较。结果表明,目前黑龙江省典型黑土区土壤生态环境质量存在一定差异,嫩江县、五大连池市、克山县为中等偏差,海伦市则为较差,最后从土地管理、工程措施、农业耕作技术三方面提出针对性措施。

Evaluation of soil ecological environment quality is the key foundation of the development,utilization as well as protection of the black soils.On the basis of previous research,Nenjiang county,Keshan county,Wudalianchi city and Hailun city of Heilongjiang Province were selected as the research region at macro and mesoscale,considering the influence factors and the existing status of soil ecological environment quality under the guidance of the standard of evaluation of soil environment,and using grading standards proportional,Delphi method and fuzzy comprehensive assessment were used to establish evaluation system of black soil ecological environment quality in the research region.The system included 13 factors related to soil erosion,soil pollution and degradation of soil fertility.The results indicated that there were some differences in soil environment of Heilongjiang Province.Specifically,the soil quality in Nenjiang,Wudalianchi and Keshan areas was slightly lower tham the mediumlevel,however the soil quality of Hailun was worse than that of three other cities.In the end,a series of measures including land management,engineering and farming technology were taken to improve the soil quality.