玉米子粒和秸秆粗蛋白质含量的配合力效应分析

Analysis of combining ability on crude protein concentration in maize kernel and stover over environments

以选自5大杂种优势群的10个优良玉米自交系为亲本,按照Griffing双列杂交配成的90个组合为试验材料,分别在河南的南阳、郑州和浚县3个地点进行随机区组试验,利用MARX-I型近红外品质分析仪测定子粒和秸秆粗蛋白含量,研究地点、基因型及其互作对玉米子粒和秸秆粗蛋白质含量的影响,并对自交系的配合力效应进行了分析.结果表明,子粒蛋白质含量在地点、基因型、地点×基因型互作以及亲本的一般配合力和特殊配合力方面的差异分别达极显著水平,表现北高南低趋势(浚县(郑州(南阳);而秸秆蛋白质含量在地点、基因型以及亲本的一般配合力差异分别达显著或极显著水平,表现趋势与子粒的相反(浚县(郑州(南阳).子粒蛋白质含量主要受基因加性效应控制,非加性效应也起重要作用,而秸秆蛋白质含量受环境影响太大,遗传率太低.在子粒(秸秆)粗蛋白质含量相对较高的13(15)个组合中,92.3%(80%)组合的双亲来源于不同的杂优类群;因此,来自不同杂种优势类群的高蛋白、高配合力自交系是组配蛋白质含量较高组合的基础.

Ninety reciprocal crosses were composed according to Griffing design using 10 inbreds from different heterotic groups, and trailed under randomized block design at three locations in Henan, the ernde protein content in maize kernel and stover was tested by using MARX - I type NIRS, and the effects of genotypes, locations and their interactions as well as combining ability were evaluated on crude protein in F1 stover and F2 kernel. The results showed that highly significant differences had been found over locations, genotypes,location x genotype interaction as well as GCA and SCA effects on protein content in kernel, respectively, and performing higher in North than in South （Xunxian 〉 Zhengzhou 〉 Nanyang）. While significant or highly significant differences were found over locations, genotypes and GCA effect on protein content in stover, respectively, and performing lower in North than in South（Xunxian 〈 Zhengzhou 〈 Nanyang）. The protein content in kernel was mainly controled by gene additive effect and the inadditive effect also played importment role,while the protein content in stover was highly effected by environments and with very low heritability. 92.3% （80%） crosses of the 13 （15） crosses with higher protein content in kernel （stover） composed by parents from different heterotic groups, so the inbreds with high protein content and high combining ability from different heterotic groups was the genetic basis for making high protein crosses.