增施微量元素肥或生物肥对烤烟化学品质的影响

Effect of adding trace element fertilizer or biofertilizer on the chemical quality of flue-cured tobacco

采用大田试验,研究了常规施肥基础上增施微量元素肥或者生物肥对烤烟内在化学品质的影响.结果表明,与常规施肥相比,增施微量元素肥或生物肥处理的各部位烟叶还原糖、总糖和淀粉的含量更接近优质烟标准,各处理中、下部烟叶还原糖与烟碱比更适宜;增施微量元素肥或生物肥均提高了上部叶总氮、烟碱和蛋白质的含量,对于中、下部叶中3种化合物而言,增施宝肽生物肥增加了其含量,增施微量元素肥使其含量降低,增施黑麦草绿肥对其含量没有明显影响.增施微量元素肥或生物肥均有利于各部位烟叶石油醚提取物含量的增加,且各部位烟叶的含量均为增施宝肽生物肥处理最高;增施微量元素肥或生物肥均增加了新植二烯、致香物质总量和类胡萝卜素(质体色素)降解产物的含量,除新植二烯含量为增施微量元素肥处理最高外,其余均为增施宝肽生物肥处理最高,且仅增施宝肽生物肥增加了非质体色素降解产生的中性致香物质的含量.总体上来说,不同处理均改善了烟叶品质,其中增施宝肽生物肥处理的烟叶品质最佳.

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of adding trace element fertilizer or biofertilizer on the chemical quality of flue-cured tobacco. Results showed that： compared with the CK, the contents of the reducing sugar, total sugar and starch of the three treatments were more similar to the contents of high-quality tobacco ; all of the three treatments increased the contents of total nitrogen, nicotine and protein in upper leaves, adding Baotai biofertilizer increased the contents in cutter leaves and lower leaves, adding trace element fertilizer decreased the contents and adding grean manure fertilizer did not have obvious influence on the contents in cutter leaves and lower leaves; all three treatments increased the content of petroleum ether extracts, and the content of adding Baotai biofertilizer treatment was highest in all stalk positions ; all of the three treatments increased the contents of neophytadiene, the total neutral aroma components and products degraded from carotenoid （chromoplast pigment） , except that contents of neophytadiene of adding trace element fertilizer treatment was the highest, the other components of adding Baotai biofertilizer treatment were all the highest, and only adding Baotai biofertilizer treatment increased the contents of aroma components degraded from nonchromoplast pigment. In a word, adding trace element fertilizer or biofertilizer all improved the quality of tobacco, and the quality of adding Baotai biofertilizer treatment was the best.