不同教育方式对高智力儿童信息加工速度的影响

Influence of Different Education Methods to High Intelligence Quotient Children’s Speed of Information Processing

目的:通过不同教育方式下高智力水平的儿童信息加工速度的比较,探讨知识/经验在儿童信息加工速度发展中的作用。方法:被试来自北京某小学和中学,共185人。相应年龄分别为9岁、11岁和13岁。被试分为两组:加速学制组(超常儿童实验班)和常规学制组。两组儿童在智力是相匹配的,采用经典的选择反应时任务作为信息加工速度的指标,由数字、字母和汉字部件三种材料构成三种选择反应时来测量信息加工速度。结果:年龄的主效应显著,F(2,179)=79.94,P<0.01;即随着儿童年龄的增长,儿童的信息加工速度(选择反应时)越来越快。教育方式的主效应显著,F(1,179)=43.90,P<0.01,即加速学制组的儿童在信息加工速度任务上要明显地快于常规学制组的儿童。结论:对于高智力的儿童进行加速学制的教育方式可以明显地促进其基本认知能力的发展。

Objective： The effect for children＇s speed of information processing by knowledge/experience was tested by comparing the speed of information processing of high intelligence quotient ehildren under different education methods. Methods： 185 participants were from one middle school and one elementary school in Beijing, and their age were 9, 11, 13. All the participants were divided into two groups： the accelerated education group and the normal education group. There were three experimental conditions of using number, letter, and Chinese characters reaction time as stimuli respec- tively. Results： The effect of age was significant （F （2,179）=79.94, P〈0.O1）, which showed the information processing speed of the younger children was quicker than when the children grew older. The effect of educational method was signifi- cant （F（1,179）=43.90,P〈0.01）, which showed that the accelerated education group was quicker than the normal education group. The main effect of material type was significant （F （2,179）=50.53 ,P〈0.01）, which showed different materials had different mission specificity. Conclusion： Accelerated education for the outstanding children could significantly promote their basic cognitive abilities development.