汽车安全带新型预紧器的结构与性能仿真

Structure and Performance Simulation of a New Pretensioner of Vehicle Safety Belt

提出了一种作为安全带预紧器核心部件的新型离合机构,应用该机构开发了一套新型预紧式汽车安全带,介绍了它的结构组成、工作原理和性能.建立了安全带机构力学模型,利用ADAMS软件进行机构运动学仿真和分析,结果表明离合机构传动可靠,织带回卷量与设计要求吻合;采用MADYMO软件建立了正面碰撞模型,仿真分析表明人体头部伤害指数、胸部加速度、大腿骨轴向力和胸部变形量均在GB11551—2003和ECER94等相关标准的规定范围之内,其它如粘性伤害响应、组合胸部指数和胸部累积3ms损伤等人体损伤指标也处在较小的区间,正则化伤害评价值约为0.48,说明该新型安全带能够有效降低乘员伤害值,具有较好的乘员保护效能.

In this paper, first, a new type of vehicle safety belt is developed based on a new clutch proposed as the key part of pretensioner of safety belt. Next, the structure composition, working principle and performances of the belt are introduced. Then, a mechanical model of the belt is established and the dynamic simulation and performance analysis for the pretensioner are carried out with ADAMS, finding that the new clutch is capable of transmitting movements credibly with an appropriate unreeled belt length. Finally, a frontal impact model of the belt is established with MADYMO. Simulated results show that the parameters, such as the head injury criterion, the thoracic acceleration, the axial femur force and the chest deformation, all reach the relevant standards such as GB11551-2003 and ECER94 well, that other injury indexes, such as the viscous injury response, the combined thoracic index and the cumulative 3-ms thoracic injury criterion, are all small enough for safety, and that the regu- larized injury index is kept at about 0.48. It is thus concluded that the newly-designed clutch effectively reduces the injury to passengers and furnishes passengers good protection.