论先天和谐、后天和谐与经济和谐

On Innate Harmony,Postnatal Harmony and Economic Harmony

和谐一般是指(异质的)个体在(相对)整体中共生与发展的状态,经济和谐则主要考察人们在经济活动中经利益与行为的协调而达到的共生与发展。经济和谐的利益基础是人际间利益,它不仅存在于以"看不见的手"引导下的无成本的、先天和谐的市场交易机制,同样存在于以"看得见的手"引导下实现有成本的、后天和谐的经济组织中,从而普遍地存在于社会经济体系中。人际间利益既包括理性的个人为了实现人际间的和谐而支付的成本,又包括这种成本支付所带来的未分配到相关个人的收益,这种利益不论是以外部性、公共物品,还是以法人财产或者组织"租"的形式存在,本质上都存在于一个相对整体中,存在于一个区别于私人领域的公共领域。从更深的层面上讲,经济和谐的实现是理性的个人在效率与自由之间权衡后以实践来建构相对整体的结果。

The nature of harmony is that heterogeneous individuals co-exist and develop in some relative integration, while the concept of economic harmony examines economic agencies co-exist and develop through co-ordinating interpersonal interests and behaviors. The fundamantal of economic harmony is interpersonal interests, which exist in the zero-cost, onnate harmony lead by an ＂invisible hand＂ in market, as well as in the positive cost, acquired harmony, guided by a ＂visible hand＂ in economic organizations, so as to exist universally in the whole economy. The interpersonal interests cover both investments paid to realize interpersonal harmony, and the incomes that result from the investments, and are not paid to individuals. The harmony costs may exist in the economy as externality, public goods, legalman＇s property, or as organization rents, which share a common property of interests staying interpersonally. The economic harmony is the result of balancing between efficiency and freedom of rational individuals who establish some relative intergration.