居住环境中的天人融和——明初人居环境思想探微

The Unity of Heaven and Humans in Human Inhabitation——A Probing of Human Environment Ideas in Early Ming Dynasty

中国明初关于人居环境的记述和议论,内容丰富,思想精深。天人合一,人地相因,包括人类在内的一切自然生命与山水相依的理念,是其哲学基础;审视人居构成兼顾自然环境(生态)和历史文化(人文),衣食丰足(物质)和心目愉悦(审美),是其宏观性、整体性思维方式;近审其形,远眺其势,尤重环顾其大圆,是其独特的取景视角。这一理念继承了中国传统文化中丰富精深的人居环境思想。它在兼顾自然山水、农业生产和历史文化等多种环境因素中追求山水环保最佳人居,以及天人合一、人地相因、人与万物并育的理想境界。这一精神传统对于构建今天具有中国特色的人居环境科学,建设绿色文明城市和乡村具有重要参考价值。

There were abundant and deep-thinking recordings and discussions of human environment in early Ming Dynasty. Its philosophical foundation lied at the mind of the unity of the heaven and the humans and the combination of the humans and the earth. It took a grand perspective and a whole-some way of thinking. Such an idea inherited the traditional culture in China for an ideal of the best inhabitation in which the humans co-existed with everything in the world by combining human life with natural mountains and waters, agricultural production and historical culture. This tradition is sure to be referential to the construction of the science of human environment with Chinese characteristics, as well as to the construction of green cities and countryside.