干细胞与子宫内膜异位症

Stem Cell and Endometriosis

子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMs)至今病因不明确,其发病机制有子宫内膜种植学说、体腔上皮化生学说、免疫学说等多种学说。随着干细胞相关研究的不断深入,多项研究均证明子宫内膜内存在着干/祖细胞,可能来源于胚胎残留干细胞或骨髓来源干细胞,这些干/祖细胞介导了子宫内膜的周期性再生。进一步提出EMs干细胞起源学说,认为子宫内膜干/祖细胞异常分化增殖可能导致EMs发生,即EMs是一种干细胞相关疾病。各种来源的干细胞是"种子",而逆流经血及局部微环境提供"土壤",只要局部组织中同时存在"种子"和"土壤",EMs就会发生。为EMs的发病机制及临床诊疗研究提供新思维。

The pathogenesis of endometriosis （EMs） remains unclear. There are several theories such as Sampon＇s Implantation Theory, Metaplasia Theory and Immune Theory. Focusing on the researches on stem cells （SCs）, several studies have proved that there are stem/progenitor cells in endometrium which induce the periodic regeneration of endometrium. The implication of the endometrial stem cell hypothesis is that endometriosis origins from the SCs, and isa stem cell-related disease. Stem cells, derived from embryonic remnants or bone marrow, pro- vide the ＂Seeds＂ while retrograde menstrual reflux and the microenvironment provide the ＂Soil＂. Once the seeds meet the soil, EMs will cecum. This hypothesis uncovered a new era of the pathogenesis and clinical research on EMs.