综合干预学龄前儿童意外伤害效果评价

The evaluation of the effectiveness of comprehensive intervention for pre-school children's accidents

目的评价社区实施综合干预对学龄前儿童意外伤害的效果。方法调查自2004年9月至2006年9月上海市长宁区周家桥街道6所幼儿园,按照地域范围,将3所相邻幼儿园作为干预组,另外3所相邻幼儿园作为对照组,实施综合干预1年后,采用χ2检验,比较两组学龄前儿童意外伤害发生率及家长、儿童安全急救知识等方面的变化。结果干预组的意外伤害发生率较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);干预组家长安全急救知识调查显示,在一些复杂问题处理方面,如出现水泡的烫伤、食物中毒及煤气泄露等,干预组家长正确应答率较对照组高(P<0.01);儿童安全知识调查显示,报警电话、通话后正确告知地址、幼儿园安全出口等5个指标均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论实施综合干预可提高学龄前儿童、儿童家长的安全知识和急救能力,降低儿童意外伤害的发生率。

Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive intervention for pre-school children＇s accidental injuries. Methods Zhoujiaqiao community has six kindergartens, 3 adjacent kindergartens as the-intervention group, the other 3 adjacent kindergartens as a control group. Using chi-square test, compare the incidence of accidental injuries and change of parents and children＇ s knowledge about safety and first-aid after one year. Results The accident rate of intervention group was lower than the control group, with significant difference （P 〈 0.01 ）. As to the investigation about the safety and first-aid knowledge in dealing with a number of complex issues, such as blisters on the burn, food poisoning and gas leak, etc, the parents in intervention group were better than the control group on correct response rate （P 〈 0.01 ）. Children＇ s safety investigation showed that children in intervention group were better than control group in 5 indicators, such as alarm calls, informing the correct address after call, and the exit of kindergarten （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion Comprehensive intervention can improve the safety knowledge and first-aid ability in preschool children and their parents, hence reduce the accidents in children.