早产儿早期不同营养方式对出院时体重影响的临床对照研究

Effecf of different way of early nutrition on preterm infants' weight at discharge

【目的】研究早产儿早期不同营养方式对出院时体重的影响。【方法】采用临床对照研究方法,分别选取入住本院新生儿重症监护室的两个时间段的早产儿为研究对象,入选标准一致。实验组采用胃肠内早期营养,微量喂养代替禁食,管饲的同时提供非营养性吸吮,对照组采用晚喂养,喂养不耐受时采取禁食,喂养过程中未采取非营养性吸吮等营养方式。对比研究实验组和对照组分别住院一段时间后,两组体重开始增长时间,到足量喂养时间,恢复出生体重时间,住院天数及出院时宫外生长发育迟缓的发生率。【结果】患儿体重开始增长时间,到达足量喂养时间,恢复出生体重时间,住院天数及出院时宫外生长发育迟缓的发生率实验组均明显优于对照组,而体重增长速度两组无明显差别。【结论】早期实施胃肠内营养对早产儿追赶性生长有一定的意义,亦可有效的降低宫外生长发育迟缓,值得提倡。

[Objective] To study the different early nutrition in premature infants on the impact of body weight at discharge. [Methods] Premature infants stay in hospital neonatal intensive care unit of the two time periods were selected to the study by clinical control study, their selection standards were same. Experimental group were used early enteral nutrition, micro-feeding was in place of fasting, feeding tube was selected, while non-nutritive sucking （NNS）were adopted , the control group taked postpone fooding, feeding intolerance taked fasting, non-nutritive sucking wasn＇t also adopted. Dates of began to increase in body weight on time, adequate feeding time, time to regain birth weight, length of hospital stay and discharge extrauterine growth retardation （EUGR） incidence between two groups were compared. [Results] Body weight began to increase the time ,children reach the full amount of feeding time, time to regain birth weight, length of hospital stay and discharge extrauterine growth retardation （EUGR） the incidence of experimental group were significantly better than the control group. Growth rate and body weight （g/d） was no significant difference between the two groups. [Conclusion] Adopting enteral nutrition to premature infants is not only important in catch-up growth, but also important in reducing the effective extrauterine growth retardation, it is worth advocating.