减灾行为社会化是防洪减灾战略转移的必然方向——美国防洪减灾战略的转移和演进

AN INEXORABLE TREND TO SOCIAL MANAGEMENT OF FLOOD HAZARD MITIGATION

无论是工程措施还是非工程措施，它们对防御洪水、减轻灾害都是必须的。但是，任何手段都不可能制止洪水灾害，人类可以达到的目标只是减轻水灾损失，而各种减灾措施能够达到的实际效益决定于社会对它们的支持程度。作者研究了美国７０年代以来防洪战略转移的历史进程，认为当此世纪之交，我国的防洪战略应更加注意政策导向，以增强国家防洪主管部门行使管理职权的权威性，并推动地方政府、社会各部门逐级分担防洪减灾责任。

It is a very important flood hazard mitigation strategy in united states that the management of the flood disaster control and reduction is centralized by Federal Emergency Management Agency, and responsibility for flood hazard is distributed to local governments and personnel. This trand is taken account for by us after reviewing “The Report on Flood Hazard Mitigation in the United States”.Flood control strategies in China should be revised in the system of organization, water law and regulation and so on. This is an inexorable trend that the responsibility for flood hazard mitigation will be distributed by all social body in the future.