吸烟对重庆主城区成年男性精子凋亡及精液质量的影响

Effects of Smoking on Sperm Apoptosis and Semen Quality of Adult Males in the Main Urban Area of Chongqing

目的:探讨吸烟对重庆市主城区健康成年男性精子凋亡和精液质量的影响。方法:235例健康成年男性根据吸烟习惯分为吸烟组和不吸烟组。不吸烟组89例,吸烟组146例。采用计算机辅助精液分析系统检测精液常规参数;流式细胞术结合Annexin V-FITC/PI荧光染色检测精子凋亡(AN-/PI-、AN+/PI-、AN+/PI+、AN-/PI+精子比率),并对吸烟组和不吸烟组的各项参数进行比较研究。结果:与不吸烟组比较,吸烟组的早期凋亡精子(AN+/PI-)率高于不吸烟组[(8.1±5.1)%vs(6.8±3.8)%,P=0.039],而晚期凋亡精子(AN+/PI+)率两组间差异无显著性[(5.6±5.2)%vs(5.5±5.1)%,P=0.87];两组间精液量、精子密度、精子活动率、活力和正常形态精子率等精液常规指标的差异均无显著性(P=0.30;0.82;0.37;0.81;0.84)。结论:吸烟者早期精子凋亡率较不吸烟者高,提示吸烟可能诱导精子出现早期的细胞损害。精子凋亡可作为较精液常规指标更为敏感的生物标志物反映吸烟对男性精子造成的损伤。

Objective ： To investigate the effects of smoking on sperm apoptosis and semen quality of healthy adult males in the main urban area of Chongqing. Methods： According to the smoking habit, we divided 235 healthy adult males into a non-smoking group （n = 89） and a smoking group （n = 146）. Then we detected the routine semen parameters by the computer-assisted semen analysis system and obtained the parameters of sperm apoptosis （the ratios of AN^-/PI^- , AN^＋/PI^- , AN^＋/PI^＋ and AN^-/PI^＋ sperm） by flow cytometry combined with Annexin V-FITC/PI fluorescence staining. Results： The rate of early apoptotic sperm （AN^＋/PI^- ） was higher in the smoking than in the non-smoking group （ [ 8.1 ± 5.1 ] % vs [ 6.8 ± 3.8 ] % ; P = 0.039 ）, but there were no significant differences between the two groups in the rate of late apoptotic sperm （ AN^＋/PI^＋ ） （ [ 5.6 ± 5.2 ] % vs [ 5.5±5.1 ] % ; P = 0.87）, as well as in such routine semen indexes as semen volume, sperm density, sperm motility, sperm vitality and normal sperm morphology （P = 0.30, 0.82, 0.37, 0.81 and 0.84, respectively）. Conclusion ： The rate of early apoptotic sperm is higher in smokers than in non-smokers, suggesting that smoking may induce early damage to sperm cells. Compared with routine semen parameters, sperm apoptosis is a more sensitive biomarker to reflect smoking-induced damage to sperm.