基于环境心理学的社会个体环境保护行为探析

Discussion about Human＇s Environmental Conservation Behavior

当前严峻的环境形势迫使人们必须立即改变其污染环境、破坏生态等多种危害环境的行为模式。因此，对处于社会不同角色的环境行为个体，探讨影响群体中个人环境行为的各方面因素，从而更有针对性地通过各种行之有效的技术和策略来影响人们的环境行为是很有意义的。本文不仅在宏观的层面上分析了我国环境管理中政府、企业、公众三大主体的行动现状与不足，还结合了心理学的相关知识，在微观的层面上探讨了个人参与环境保护行为的影响因素（如：环保意识、从众心理、习惯）及干预方法（如：环境教育、提示、强化技术、强制手段），在一定程度上可以补充国内环境心理学对于环境保护行为研究的不足，更好地促进人们行为的改变，确保环境问题从根本上的解决，继而实现社会的可持续发展。

The perceived urgency of environmental problems demands that we humans immediately change our behaviors, which may cause diverse pollution, wreak havoc on natural resources and even break the ecological balance. Consequently, during the great environmental movement, it is very important to find out those factors that influence the most powerful actors - individuals, who are playing different roles in the society. And then we can present relevant techniques to change individual behavior, to promote conservation behavior, to acquire a sustainable lifestyle gradually. The contributions of this article are to make up for the deficiency of environmental psychology and to arouse the interests in this important field to dig further. This article has two parts as follows： First is concerning the main body of environmental management- government, enterprises and the public. From a macroscopical aspect, we analyze the reality and deficiency of different groups＇ behavior. Second is concerning the basic element of different groups - individual. From a microcosmic aspect, we discuss why individuals don＇t choose an environmentally - friendly lifestyle, such as environmental awareness, conformity and habit. And then we come up with relevant techniques to change individual behavior, for instance, environmental education, material or social rewards and prompts.