明洪熙、宣德间乡试解额制度的确立与运行

The Adjustment and Implementation of Selecting Candidates for Provincial Examination in Hongxi and Xuande Reign in Ming Dynasty

明洪武三年五月开科诏曾确定乡试直、省的录取名额,由于国家急需人才并未执行,而是采取了"不拘额数,从实充贡"的政策,建文、永乐朝依然如此。洪熙、宣德时期,根据国家政治和社会发展的形势,对科举取士制度进行了整改,重定乡试解额,实行依额录取,使乡试录取进入常态。从明代乡试解额制度及其实践的历史来看,洪熙、宣德年间是明代乡试解额制度初步确立与运行时期,规定了明代乡试依解额录取的基本准则和方向。

The government for the first time determined the number of provincial examination in the third year of Hongwu regin, since the national talent of urgent need had not yet carried out, the government had to adopt the policy of ＂do not stick to fixed number, just to make need＂. Jianwen and Yongle regin remained the same policy. To Hongxi and Xnande regin, according to the situation of national polities and social development, the government took the transformation of imperial examination, adjusted the volume of provincial examination, implemented the volume enrollment, made provincial examination enroll to enter normality. Looking from the system of selecting candidates for provincial exam and its practice in Ming Dynasty, the making and working of selecting candidates for provincial exam in Hongxi and Xuande reign had boundary meaning which stipulated the basic norm and direction of the provincial examination enroll volume in Ming Dynasty.