茶树及其他山茶属植物花粉形态、超微结构及演化

Pollen Morphology,Ultrastructure and Evolution of Tea Plant and other Genus Camellia Plants

用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对26份茶组植物及4份其他山东属植物包括红茶组、油茶组共计30份材料进行了花粉形态及其中6份材料的花粉外壁超微结构的观察。结果表明，其他山茶属植物所具有的花粉粒大、隐沟型萌发孔、外壁表面纹饰光滑、穴大、脊平和外壁内层厚度大等特征均比茶组植物原始，其中红山茶、白毛红山茶和落瓣油茶的表面纹饰与较原始的茶组植物广南茶、圆基茶、老黑菜及属大理茶中的巴达大茶树极为相似，均属穴网状纹饰，因此，茶组植物与其他山茶属植物具有一定的亲缘关系。文中还对苦茶的演化位置、较原始的条组植物花粉表面纹饰的类型进行了讨论。

Pollen morphology and exine ornamentation of 26 plants of Sect. Thea and 4 plants in genus Canlellia in-cluding Sect. Camellia and Sect. Oleifera were observed with LM, SEM and TEM. Results showed that genus CanleUia plants were more primitive than Sect. Thea plants as the pollens of genus Camellia showing the fol-lowing characters: big pollen grain, sunken aperture, exine ornamentation psilate, big feveola, flat muri and wide endexine. The pollen surface ornamentation of C. japonica, C. albovillosa and C. kissi were very similar to those of C. kwang,lanica, C. rotundata, C. atrothea and C. taliensis (using Bada wild tea as investigation sample). They all had feveolate reticulate ornamentation. It could be concluded that Sect. Thea plants had close affinity to other genus Camellia plants. The evolution status of C. sinensis var. kucha plant and possibleornamentation structure of primitive Sect. Thea pollens were also discussed in this paper.