郑州市小儿急性中毒相关因素的变迁及防范措施

Investigating Changes of Correlation Factors and Preventive Strategies on Acute Poisoning in Children in Zhengzhou City

目的探讨近年来郑州市区小儿急性中毒相关因素的变迁及防范措施。方法采用回顾性调查的方法分析,收集整理744例急性中毒患儿的临床资料。结果近5年来小儿急性中毒在年龄构成、毒物种类及中毒方式等方面出现许多新的变化:近5年的356例急性中毒中0～3岁婴幼儿发病率最高,占43.26%;在家中发生中毒者(224例,占62.92%)为主,与前5年相比有统计学意义(χ2=62.14,P=0.001);医源性药物中毒195例,占54.78%,其增长幅度有统计学意义(χ2=60.13,P=0.001));消化道中毒占89.25%。结论医源性药物中毒及在家中发生中毒已成为郑州市区儿童急性中毒的重要因素。加强健康知识宣教,加强毒物及药物的管理,规范药品的使用,合理用药等是小儿急性中毒防治的关键。

Objective To investigate the current changes of correlation factors on acute poisoning in children and provide the scientific evidence for making preventive strategies on acute poisoning in children in Zhengzhou city.Methods Retrospective analysis was carried out and the clinical data of 744 children were collected and analyzed.Results There were many changes in the age structure,the types of poisons and poisoning ways on acute poisoning in children in zhengzhou city in recent 5 years： Of 356 cases of acute poisoning in children,the highest morbidity was seen in Group aged 0- 3 years infants （accounting for 43.26% ）. 224 cases （62. 92% ） of acute poisoning occurred at home mainly ,which was statistically significant difference（ Х^2 = 62. 14, P=0. 001 ）. Iatrogenic poisoning was the most common agent of poisoning（ 195 cases,54. 78% ）and the increases was more signifieances in？ statistics than 5 years before （Х^2 =60. 13, P = 0. 001 ）. The acute poisoning accounted for 89. 25% by digestive canal. Conclusion Iatrogenic poisoning and poisoning occurred at home had become an important factor in acute poisoning in children in Zhengzhou. They are the key to prevention and treatment of acute poisoning in children with Health education to enhance knowledge, strengthen the management of poison and drugs, and regulate the use of drugs, rational drug use in children.