47例麻疹患者临床及流行特征分析

Clinical And Epidemic Characteristics Of 47 Measles Patients

目的分析近年来麻疹的临床和流行病学特征,采取相应的防治方法,以减少麻疹的发生。方法选择2006年11月～2007年10月住院的麻疹患者为观察对象,观察其发生年龄、临床症状和体征,以及相关的流行病学特征,以期研究近年来麻疹发生的根本原因。结果观察期间共诊断麻疹患者47例,男32例,女15例。其中37例属于确诊病例,10例属于临床诊断病例。年龄最小4月,最大17岁,其中:<6月龄2例,6月～1岁28例,1.1岁～3岁8例,4～6岁2例,7～14岁4例,14岁以上3例。11月～次年1月19例,2～4月11例,5～7月11例,8～10月6例。城市人口17例,农村人口30例。32例未接种麻疹疫苗,其中23例为非法生育的第二胎。结论大部分患儿感染麻疹病毒是由于没有接种疫苗,机体对麻疹缺乏免疫力所致。临床症状似乎较既往轻,预后较好。为减少麻疹的发生,最好的方法是普遍接种疫苗,必要时应复种。

Objective To decrease the rate of measles onset, we analyzed clinical and epidemic characteristics of measles patients and gave corresponding methods to prevent and treat these patients. Methods Collected clinical and epidemical data of the patients from September, 2006 to October, 2007, including age of the patients, symptoms and signs,seasons of onset and tried to find the epidemic reasons of measles patients. Results There were 47 measles patients during the observation period, among them male 32 cases, female 15 cases, 37 cases anti-measles antibody positive, and 10 cases negative. The smallest age was 4 month-old, the oldest age was 17 years old. The cases distribution were as follow： 〈6 months 2 cases, 6 months to l year old 28 cases, 1.1 years old to 3 years old 8 cases, 4 year old to 6 years old 2 cases, 7 years old to 14 years old 4 cases, older than 14 years old 3 cases, among them 17 cases from urban area and 30 cases from rural area. Thirty two cases had no vaccination history. Conclusion The probable reason of the patients who suffered from measles virus infection might be no vaccination and the host lacked of immunity against measles virus invasion. The clinical symptoms seemed milder than years ago. The better way to prevent measles onset may be by means of immunization every child, even with booster vaccination.