甘蓝化学杀雄剂GS-1的杀雄效果研究

Study on the effect of a chemical hybridizing agent GS-1 on cabbage

【目的】筛选出甘蓝化学杀雄剂GS-1最适宜的杀雄质量浓度,以实现甘蓝100%的杂种杂交率。【方法】选用甘蓝自交不亲和系MP01和Y03为试材,在甘蓝种株主花茎和第一分枝上的最大花蕾约2 mm（即花蕾小孢子生长处于单核期）时,全株分别喷施20,5,3,2和1.5μg/mL GS-1,以喷清水为对照,比较不同质量浓度GS-1处理对植株花朵育性、植株生长、结实力及杂交率的影响。【结果】GS-1对甘蓝植株所开花朵的雄蕊育性有一定的影响;不同质量浓度GS-1处理后,MP01植株全不育株率为10%-100%,其中5μg/mL GS-1的处理效果最好,全不育株率达100%;不同质量浓度GS-1处理后,Y03植株全不育株率为0-100%,其中20μg/mL GS-1处理的全不育株率为100%。不同质量浓度GS-1处理后,甘蓝植株之间生长势存在差异,其中低质量浓度GS-1对植株生长势影响不大,而高质量浓度（如5和20μg/mL GS-1处理）对植株存在一定伤害,导致植株生长势变弱;甘蓝自交不亲和系辅助喷施GS-1可使杂种杂交率达到100%。【结论】GS-1具有很好的杀雄效果,在甘蓝种株主花茎和第一分枝上的最大花蕾约2 mm时,对Y03和MP01种株分别喷施20和5μg/mL GS-1,植株表现全不育,植株的花枝和花蕾表现较正常,结实性正常,能够使杂交F1代种子达到100%的杂交率。

[Objective] The most suitable concentration of a new chemical hybridizing agent GS-1 on cabbages was selected in order to make the hybridization rate of hybrid seeds reach 100%. [Method] Plants of cabbage with self-incompatibility lines MP01 and Y03 were treated with 20,5,3,2 and 1.5 μg/mL,water （CK） of GS-1 when that of the main stem and the largest bud of the first branch were about 2 mm （the microspore growth in a period of single-core）, and the effects of different concentrations of GS-1 on the fertility of plant flowers, plant growth, seed setting were compared. [Result] The fertility of cabbage stamen was affected by spraying GS-1 ;The percentage of complete sterile plant of MP01 was 10% to 100% after GS-1 treatment;The treatment with 5 μg/mL was the most effective,and the percentage of complete sterile plant reached 100%; The percentage of complete sterile plant of Y03 was 0 to 100% after GS-1 treatment, the treatment with 20 μg/mL made the percentage of complete sterile plant 100 % ;There were different growth vigor performancs of cabbage after different concentrations of GS-1 treatment,growth vigor was affected a little by low concentration of GS-1, but the high concentration（5 and 20 μg/mL） of GS-1 hurt cabbage, reducing its growth vigor;Cabbage self-incompatible lines combining with GS-1 treatment made hybrid rate reach 100%. [Conclusion] GS-1 has a good effect on sterility. Spraying respectively 20 and 5 μg/mL on cabbage with self-incompatibility line Y03 and MP01 when the largest bud of the main stem and that on the first branch are about 2 mm can sterilze the plants completely,the performance of plants and flowers buds nearly normal,the seed setting normal,and the hybridization rate of hybrid seeds of F1 100%.