秦岭山区野生猕猴桃资源遗传多样性分析

Genetic diversity analysis of wild kiwifruit from Qinling Mountain

【目的】利用有效的分子标记技术,对秦岭山区野生猕猴桃的遗传多样性及系统进化关系进行研究,为猕猴桃新种质的挖掘和品种遗传改良奠定基础。【方法】利用随机扩增多态性DNA标记（RAPD）技术,对采自秦岭山区的野生猕猴桃24个优良单株和中华猕猴桃等6个种或变种及其品种的22份资源进行了遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。【结果】通过引物筛选,用16个RAPD引物对46份猕猴桃资源扩增出235条带,其中227条为多态性条带,多态性位点比例为96.29%;各猕猴桃资源间的遗传距离为0.139 53-0.807 34;UPGMA聚类分析结果显示,‘野生99-13’与‘武植2号’、‘魁蜜’、‘金阳1号’、‘武植6号’、‘中华♂’和‘广西红肉’等中华系列猕猴桃（A.chinensis Planch.）聚在一起,其余23份野生猕猴桃与‘哑特’、‘秦美’、‘徐冠’、‘徐香’等猕猴桃品种遗传距离较近。【结论】24份秦岭野生猕猴桃资源中,‘野生99-13’属中华系列猕猴桃,其余23份均属于美味猕猴桃（A.deliciosa var.deliciosa）。

[Objective] The research studied genetic diversity and system evolution relations through the Random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） analysis of wild kiwifruit germplasm resources from Qinling Mountain. These results provide a basis for the research of kiwifruit germplasm resources and the genetic improvement to varieties. [Method] RAPD technology was employed to analyze the genetic diversity of the samples,including 24 wild kiwifruits collected from Qinling Mountain and other 22 varieties. [Result] 16 RAPD primers produced 235 bands,of which 227 bands were polymorphic, The polymorphic bands accounted for 96. 29% of the total bands. The genetic distance of 46 kiwifruit gemplasms was from 0. 139 53 to 0. 807 34. UPGMA （Un-weighted pair group mathematics average） clustering analysis displayed genetic relation among the these materials as follows：the ＇Wild 99-13＇ and ＇Wuzhi No. 2＇ , ＇Kuimi＇ , ＇Jinyang No. 1 ＇ ,et al,which belong to A. chinensis ,had the colsest genetic relationship. The other 23 wild kiwifruits were classified into the A. deliciosa var. deliciosa because of nearer genetic distance with ＇Yate＇, ＇Qinmei＇, ＇Xuguan＇ and ＇Xuxiang＇. [Conclusion] In the 24 wild kiwifruits collected from Qinling Mountain,only ＇Wild 99-13＇ belonged to A. chinensis,the other 23 wild kiwifruits were classified into the A. deliciosa var. deliciosa.