陕西黄龙山自然保护区褐马鸡冬季夜栖地选择的研究

Winter roosting-sites slection of brown eared-pheasant(Crossoptilon mantchuricum) in Huanglongshan Mountains Nature Reserve,Shaanxi,China

【目的】了解褐马鸡（Crossoptilon mantchuricum）冬季夜栖地选择的特征。【方法】2006-11-2007-01,在陕西黄龙山自然保护区北寺山林区,采用样线法对褐马鸡冬季夜栖地的特征进行了研究,共记录34个夜栖地和96个对照样方,测定夜栖地海拔、坡向、坡度、坡位、地理性、栖树高度和胸径、乔木层盖度、乔木密度、灌木层盖度、草本层盖度、与水源距离、人为干扰距离、与林缘距离、栖枝高度和栖位上盖度等参数。【结果】褐马鸡冬季夜栖地多偏向阳坡和半阴半阳坡、中坡位、山脊和山坡、海拔高度低、坡度大、接近林缘、人为干扰距离较近、乔木层盖度和密度较大、栖树胸径较大和草本层盖度较大的地方。主成分分析表明,前4个特征值的累积贡献率达到73.542%,可以较好地反映褐马鸡冬季夜栖地的生境特征,根据载荷系数绝对值大小,将褐马鸡冬季夜栖地生境选择影响因子分别命名为地理因子、位置与植被因子、夜栖树因子和地点转换因子。【结论】褐马鸡冬季夜栖地生境选择影响因子为地理因子（海拔、坡度、坡位和坡向）、位置与植被因子（乔木层盖度、草本层盖度、乔木密度、与林缘距离和人为干扰距离）、夜栖树因子（栖树胸径和栖枝高度）和地点转换因子（地理性）。

[Objective] The research was to know winter roosting-sites selection of brown eared-pheasant（Crossoptilon rnantchuricum）. [Method] From November 2006 to January 2007, the roosting-sites were investigated by using line transects of systematic sampling in the Huanglongshan Mountains Nature Reserve,Huanglong, Shaanxi, China. Thirty-four roosting-sites and ninety-six random plots were measured during 8 transects crossing the entire study area. Sixteen factors including altitude, slope degree, slope direction,slope location, geographical, diameter, height, cover and density of trees, cover of shrub, cover of grasses,distance to water source, edge of woods and human disturbance, roosting height and upper cover were measured. [Result] The results showed that brown eared-pheasant preferred roosting-sites in areas characterized by half sunny and half shady slope, sunny slope,ridge,slope side, lower altitude, bigger slope degree, nearer distance to edge of woods and human disturbance, bigger cover and density of trees, bigger diameter of trees and cover of grasses. The results of principal component analysis showed that the first 4 principal components explained 73. 542% of the total variance among all habitat variables. According to the absolute value of coefficient, the 4 components were classified as geography factor, location and vegetation factor,roosting tree factor and sites-transform factor. [Conclusion] Geography factor （altitude, slope degree,slope location and slope direction）,location and vegetation factor （cover and density of trees,cover of grasses,distance to human disturbance and edge of woods） ,roosting tree factor （diameter of trees and roosting height） and sites-transform factor（geographical） were critical factors to discriminate the roosting-sites and random plots.