对马克思国家理论的再解读

Reinterpretation on the Theory of State of Marx

马克思虽然没有专门论述国家问题的著作,但他分散在多种著述中的相关观点形成了一个完整的国家理论体系。过去,我们对马克思国家理论的解读存有偏颇之处,即片面强调国家作为阶级压迫工具的一面,而忽略了国家履行公共职能的一面。国家的本质具有上述两重属性,而这两种属性又是互为前提的,至于两者间的此消彼长则取决于生产力和经济基础的发展状况。从这种视角,本文分析了将国家片面理解为阶级压迫工具存在的疑难、国家产生及其本质的二重属性、公共职能内涵的历史演化、以及中国特色社会主义的国家等问题,力求较全面地把握马克思的国家理论。

The relevant discussion concerning the issue of state,which dispersed in the works of Marx,formed a relative integrated theoretical system,even though he never systematically discussed this issue specially.Marx argued that the nature of the state possessed the dual attributes,as the tool of class oppression and the organ of public services as well.He also believed that these two attributes would be preconditioned each other,and the varieties of the two respects in effect were determined by the development of productivity and political situation.But people understood the theory of Marx unilaterally,normally emphasized the respect of former,and neglected the later.Starting from this viewpoint,this article tries to analyze the difficulty of misunderstanding the state only as oppression tool,the dual attributes of the state,the historical evolution of the function of public services of state,and the attribute of the socialist state of China,seeking to grasp the state theory of Marx comprehensively.