山西省介休市风疹筛查及相关知识态度行为调查

Survey on Rubella Screening and Related Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice in Jiexiu City of Shanxi Province

目的:检测育龄妇女和儿童风疹的自然感染率,调查育龄妇女对风疹认知、态度、行为,为山西省实施风疹的疫苗干预提供参考依据。方法:采集2008年1月～6月在介休市计划生育妇幼保健中心进行健康检查,未接种过风疹疫苗的育龄妇女和学龄前儿童的血清,进行IgM与IgG抗体检测,对来该中心接受优生知识培训的育龄妇女进行风疹知识、态度、行为调查。结果:育龄妇女IgG阳性率为69·1%,IgM阳性率为0·34%;儿童IgG阳性率为72·3%,IgM阳性率为0·99%。问卷调查显示,受访对象中96·3%认为孕妇感染风疹会对胎儿造成危害,86·2%认为孕妇不能接种疫苗,愿意免费接种风疹疫苗的占76·4%,若感染了风疹会采纳医生建议引产的占86·5%,产前接受过风疹感染相关检查的占1·6%,接种过风疹疫苗的占5·7%。妇女的教育水平、经济收入都会对风疹的认知、态度、行为产生一定的影响。结论:育龄妇女经过宣传教育,对有关风疹的认知、态度上取得了一定的成效,但在行为上还存在不足,应加强行为方面的宣传教育和有针对性的专题培训。

Objective ： To detect the natural infection rates of rubella virus among reproductive aged women and children, investigate the related knowledge, attitudes and practice （KAP） among reproductive aged women, and provide evidences for vaccine intervention project in Shanxi province. Methods： Serum samples were collected from the reproductive aged women and preschool children with no rubella vaccine inoculation who took health examinations in our center from January to June of 2008. IgM and IgG of all these serum specimens were detected. And KAP of rubella infection were investigated among the reproductive aged women seeking for aristogenesis knowledge training in our center. Results ： The positive rates of IgG and IgM among reproductive aged women were 69.1% and 0.34% , respectively. And the positive rates of IgG and IgM among children were respectively 72.3% and 0. 99%. Questionnaire investigation showed that 96.3% of interviewees believed rubella infection would impact fetus development, 86.2% thought vaccine inoculation couldn＇t be performed in pregnant women, 76.4% were willing to receive free rubella vaccine inoculation, 86.5% would accept the suggestions of doctors if they were infected with rubella, 1.6% took related prenatal examinations about rubella infection, 5.7% were vaccinated with rubella vaccine. KAP were influenced, to some extent, by female educational level and income. Conclusion： The awareness and attitudes at rubella infection among reproductive aged women have been improved significantly through related propaganda and education, but there are still deficiencies in their practices. Targeted health education and special training should be further strengthened.