8Bill Ashcroft,Gareth Griffiths,and Helen Tiffin,The Empire Writes Back:Theory,and Practice in Post-colonial Literatures,2nd ed.(London:Routledge,2002) 32.对″the Empire writes back″如何理解和翻译,国内学界有不同意见.有的译为"帝国反击",有的译为"帝国回述"、 "逆写帝国".我在这里姑且用"帝国反述"来表示这类后殖民写作所具有的反思、反拨和重写历史的创作意图与特征.
9Spivak,″Can the Subaltern Speak?:Speculations on Widow Sacrifice″,Wedge 7/8 (Winter/Spring 1985):120-30.
10Spivak ″Can the Subaltern Speak?″ in Cary Nelson and Lawrence Grossberg,eds.,Marxist Interpretations of Culture(London:Macmillan,1988) 271-313; reprinted in Patrick Williams and Laura Chrisman,eds.,Colonial Discourse and Post-colonial Theory:A Reader(New York:Harvester/Wheatsheaf,1994) 66-111.
