不同土地管理措施对高寒嵩草草甸植被及土壤理化特征的影响

Effects of Different Managements on Characteristics of Alpine Vegetation and Soil

在青海玛沁地区,选择4种处于不同退化阶段以及2种人工处理的高寒草甸为研究对象,探讨不同放牧强度和人工干预措施下,植被特征、土壤营养元素和土壤物理性状的变化过程,为合理利用和提高草地生产力提供依据。结果表明:随着退化的加剧,高寒草甸的盖度、高度、地上生物量和种类呈下降趋势,可食性牧草逐渐让位于杂草;土壤N、C含量以及含水量逐渐降低,体积质量逐渐增大。与重度退化草甸相比,经人工干预处理后草甸的生物量、盖度、高度以及土壤营养元素和物理性状都有所增加提高。这些结果表明随着植被的退化演替,土壤退化越来越严重,土壤越来越贫瘠化。人工干预能够在一定程度上改善土壤物理特征,提高草地的生物量。

In this paper we selected six kinds of degraded alpine meadows in Maqing, Qinghai, to explore the changes of the vegetation characteristics and soil nutrient elements and physical properties under the different grazing intensities and artificial management measures. The results showed that with increasing degradation of alpine meadows, the coverage, height, biomass and species of meadows decreased, weeds gradually replaced grasses, the contents of soil nitrogen, carbon and moisture decreased, soil bulk density increased. However, compared with severely-degraded grassland, artificial manipulation could improve all the above properties of the meadows and soils. It showed that soil fertility will become lower with vegetation degradation but can be improved by artificial manipulation in the alpine meadow regions.