含杂原子的双子表面活性剂的合成与应用

Synthesis and Application of Gemini Surfactant Containing Hetero-atom

以N,N-二甲基十二烷基胺和3-氧杂-1,5-二溴戊烷为原料合成了以3-氧杂戊基为联接基团的季铵盐型双子表面活性剂。产物的结构用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱进行表征。测定了25℃下双季铵盐水溶液及其与NP-6、NP-8、NP-15、AEO-3的二元复配体系的表面张力。结果表明,与传统单链表面活性剂相比,双季铵盐表面活性剂具有更为优异的表面活性;每一种二元复配体系都具有显著降低表面张力的协同增效作用。与传统杀菌剂1631(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)相比,双季铵盐表面活性剂具有更为优异的杀菌抑菌性能,其中对苹果轮纹菌、小麦赤霉菌的杀菌抑菌作用最佳。考察了弱碱性介质中双季铵盐水溶液及其复配体系对锌的缓蚀作用,结果表明:当pH值为8,双季铵盐水溶液的浓度低于20 mg/L时对锌具有较好的缓蚀作用,而高于此浓度时的缓蚀效果明显下降并表现出一定的腐蚀作用;在复配体系中,双季铵盐与NP-15的1∶1二元复配体系对锌的缓蚀作用最好。

Quaternary ammonium salt Gemini surfactant with 3-oxa pentyl being conection groups was produced by reaction of N, N-dimethyl-dodecyl amine and 3-oxa-1, 5-dibromo pentane The structure of target product was verified by IR and 1 HNMR spectroscopy. Surface tention of biquaternary ammonium salt aqueous solution and its binary complex systems with NP-6, NP-8, NP-15, AEO-3 were measured. The results showed that, compared with conventional surfactants,biquaternary ammonium salt had better surface activity and each of binary complex systems had significant synergistic effect on reducing surface tension. Compared with the conventional pesticide 1631 （cetyltrimethylammonium bromide）, the bactericidal activity of biquaternary ammonium was better, especially superior to the apple lunwen bacteria and fungi wheat chek. The inhibition properties on zinc of the synthesized surfactant and its binary complex systems were studied in a weak alkaline medium. The results showed that biquaternary ammonium salt had great corrosion inhibition performance on zinc with the concentration of 5 - 25 mg/L. In the binary complex systems, the inhibition performance on zinc of the biquaternary ammonium salt / NP-15 was optimal.