1Walker SM. Pain in children :recent advances and ongoing challenges [ J ]. Br J Anaesth, 2008, 101 ( 1 ) : 101-110.
2Peters JW, Schouw R, Anand KJ, van Dijk M, Duivenvoorden HJ, Tibboel D. Does neonatal surgery lead to increased pain sensitivity in later childhood [ J ]. Pain, 2005, 114 ( 3 ) :444-454.
3Bartocci M, Bergqvist LL, Lagercrantz H, Anand KJ. Pain activates cortical areas in the preterm newborn brain [ J ]. Pain, 2006, 122(1-2) :109-117.
4Anand K J, The International Evidence-Based Group for Neonatal Pain. Consensus statement for the prevention and management of pain in the newborn [ J]. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 2001, 155 (2) :173-180.
5Simons SH, van Dijk M, Anartd KS, Roofthooft D, van Lingen RA, Tibboel D. Do we still hurt newborn babies? A prospective study of procedural pain and analgesia in neonates[ J]. Arch Pediatr Adolese Med, 2003, 157( 11 ) :1058-1064.
6Holsti L, Grunau RE, Oberlander TF, Whitfield MF, Weinberg J. Body movements: an important additional factor in discriminating pain from stress in preterm infauts [ ] ]. Clin J Pain, 2005, 21 (6) :491-498.
7Sternberg WF, Scorr L, Smith LD, Ridgway CG, Stout M. Long- term effects of neonatal surgery on adulthood pain behavior [J].Pain, 2005, 113(3) :347-353.
8Grunau RE, Holsti L, Peters JW. Long-term consequences of pain in human neonates [ J ]. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med, 2006, 11 (4) : 268 -275.
9Anand KJ, Hall RW, Desai N, Shephard B, Bergqvist LL, Young TE, et al. Effects of morphine analgesia in ventilated preterm neonates: primary outcomes from the NEOPAIN randomised trial[J]. Lancet, 2004, 363 (9422) : 1673-1682.
10Merboth MK, Bamason S. Managing pain: the fifth vital sign[ J]. Nurs Clin North Am, 2000, 35(2) :375-383.
8Byers, Jacqueline F.Components of devdopmental care and the evidence for their use in the NICU[J) .MCN Am J Matem Child Nuts,2003,28(3): 174- 180.
9Clohety JP, Stark AR. Development Supportive Care[R]. Man- ual of Neonatal Care. (lsted). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2003,151-153.
10Gibbins S, H oath SB,Coughlin M, et al. The universe of devel- opmental care: a new conceptual model for application in the neonatal intensive care unit[J]. Adv Neonatal Care, 2008, 8 (3) :141-147.