实验性种植体周围骨缺损动物模型的建立

Establishment of an experimental animal model of peri-implant bone defects

即刻种植修复是目前临床牙种植的趋势,修复种植体周围骨缺损是即刻种植的保证。研究动物的选择和骨缺损大小的制备可为实验性种植体周围模型的建立提供依据。用于种植技术研究的动物模型有多种,在选择动物的种属、部位和骨缺损的大小,各方观点不一。目前,在种植义齿的研究中,一般选择猴、犬、猪、羊、兔和鼠为实验对象建立动物模型。一般认为,使用大型动物建立的原位模型,近似人类口腔情况,实验结果更可信,较为理想,但是,手术操作复杂,术后口腔情况不易观察和控制,费用较高。随着研究的更加深入,应进一步量化骨缺损区,增加可比性,建立更符合种植外科领域的实际需要的动物模型。

Immediate implant is a trend for clinical dental implant, and repairing peri-implant bone defects is a guarantee for successful immediate implantation. Studies on the selection of experimental animal and the size of bone defects can lay the foundation for the establishment of experimental model with peri-implant bone defects. There are many kinds of animal models that are fit for implant studies. Different opinions lie in the selection of genus, experimental parts and size of bone defects. At present, the normally-used animal models in denture implanting studies are monkeys, dogs, pigs, sheep, rabbits and mice. Orthotopic model established with large animal is generally considered to have the most similar oral cavity with humans and accordingly has more reliable and ideal experimental results. But its operation is complicated and the oral cavity condition following operation is difficult to observe and control. What＇s more, it cost a lot. Further studies requires the quantification of bone defect, so as to increase comparability and to establish animal models that can meet the real needs of implant surgery.