铁路客运专线列车检修库防排烟设计研究

Study on Smoke Control Design of Service Shops for Passenger Dedicated Line

列车检修库是一狭长的高大空间,可以利用侧窗和天窗进行自然排烟。但受生产工艺条件限制,库内难以按规范划分防火、防烟分区,在自然排烟条件下难以保证工作人员在火灾发生时的安全疏散。本文提出采用消防性能化设计方法以及利用屋顶风机辅助排烟的措施来保证火灾时检修库内人员的安全疏散。首先借助数值模拟技术对在火灾条件下检修库采用自然排烟及采用屋顶风机辅助排烟的烟气分布场景进行模拟分析,而后在此基础上计算人员可获得的安全疏散时间(ASET),并与在火灾环境尚未达到人员耐受极限前疏散到安全区域所必须的安全疏散时间(RSET)进行比较。结果表明,检修库采用屋顶风机辅助排烟可以提高工作人员的安全疏散时间,并保证防排烟设计的安全性。

The service shop for trains is a long and narrow space, where skylights and side-windows can be used for natural smoke exhaust. However, natural.smoke exhaust can not ensure the safe evacuation in case of fire, since it is difficult to partition the service shop for fire and smoke prevention due to the restriction of the industrial process. In the study, based on the performance fire prevention design method, a fan-aided natural smoke exhaust strategy was proposed to ensure the safe evacuation of the workers in the shop in case of fire. Firstly, the smoke and temperature fields of a service shop in case of fire were simulated under the following Situations ： using natural smoke exhaust control and using fan-aided natural smoke exhaust control. Secondly, based on the investigation hereinbefore, the available safe egress time （ASET） for both cases was calculated and compared with the required safe egress time （RSET） correspondingly. Finally, the research demonstrated that the available safe egress time could be improved significantly by employing the fan-aided natural smoke exhaust strategy to ensure the safe evacuation and smoke control design.