不同间作模式对设施黄瓜生长及土壤环境的影响

Effects of Different Intercropping Patterns on the Growth of Cucumber in Greenhouse and Soil Environment

采用小麦、大豆、燕麦为伴生作物与黄瓜间作,研究其对黄瓜生长发育及土壤环境的影响。结果表明:3种间作处理均使土壤容重显著降低,土壤总孔隙度显著提高;整个生育期内各间作处理均显著降低了土壤盐分积累,生育后期黄瓜—小麦处理的土壤EC值下降幅度最大,比对照下降38.96%;黄瓜—小麦和黄瓜—燕麦处理的土壤有机质含量显著高于对照;各间作处理明显改善了土壤微生物的区系组成,使细菌和放线菌数量增加,土传病菌数量降低,以黄瓜—小麦处理最明显,尖孢镰刀菌3个时期的平均数量比对照下降了69.44%;各间作处理明显促进了黄瓜生长和产量的提高。黄瓜—小麦间作的综合效果最好,达到了缓解设施土壤连作障碍的目的。

In this experiment, wheat, soybean and oat were used to intercropping cucumber to explore impacts of different intercropping patterns on cucumber growth and soil environment. The results showed that： three crops interplanting significantly reduced the soil bulk density, significantly increased the total soil porosity. During the entire growing period, three treatments significantly reduced the accumulation of salt in soil, and in the latter part of fertility, the value of EC decreased 38.96 % than in the control; the content of organic matter in the treatments （wheat intercropping cucumber） and the treatments （oat intercropping cucumber） were significantly higher than the control; the number of fusarium of the treatments （wheat intercropping cucumber） was dropped by an average of 69.44 %. The three treatments obviously promote the cucumber growth and increase its yield. Cucumber intercropping wheat has the best effect and achieves the objective of relaxing the soil obstacle brought by successive cropping in greenhouse.