天然沸石作为缓释肥材料在菠菜种植上的应用研究

Application Studies on Natural Zeolites Used as Slow-released Fertilizer for Spinach Cultivation

采用盆栽试验研究了天然沸石作为缓释肥材料对菠菜生物量及相关品质的影响。结果表明:沸石粉吸附1/2氮钾肥(Z+1/2NK)处理的氮钾肥用量为常规施肥(CF)的一半,而生物量却增加了22.31%;本试验条件下,常规施肥CF和Z+1/2NK处理的菠菜VC含量最高;常规施肥CF和施用沸石各处理的菠菜硝酸盐含量均比对照显著增加,其中Z+1/2NK处理的菠菜硝酸盐含量最高,为1671mg·kg-1,但远远低于我国规定的硝酸盐安全限值(3100mg·kg-1),可以放心食用;Z+1/2NK处理的菠菜草酸总量、可溶态草酸和难溶态草酸含量较其他施用沸石处理均显著降低,同时降低了可溶态草酸占草酸总量的比例,增加了难溶态草酸占草酸总量的比例,从而在一定程度上降低了草酸对人体健康的危害。总之,在本试验条件下Z+1/2NK处理最适合菠菜生产。

Soil culture was used to study the effects of natural zeolites used as slow-released fertilizer on biomass and quality of spinach. Results showed that Z ＋ 1/2NK treatment used half of N and K in CF treatment, but the spinach yield increased obviously, compared to CF treatment. The increase rate was up to 22.31%. Under the experimental condition, CF and Z ＋ 1/2NK treatments achieved the highest Vitamin C contents. Nitrate contents in spinach of CF and the treatments of applied zeolites were all significantly higher than that of CK, and that of Z ＋ 1/2NK was the highest and reached 1 671 mg · kg^-1 , but which was far lower than the limited value in safety （ 3 100 mg ·kg^-1 ） of nitrate and the spinach in this experiment was safe to eat. Total oxalate, soluble oxalate and insoluble oxalate concentrations in Z ＋ 1/2NK treatment were significantly reduced than other treatments applied zeolites. At the same time, the proportion of soluble oxalate/total oxalate was decreased and that of insoluble oxalate/total oxalate was increased in Z ＋ 1/2NK treatment. Thus it reduced the risk of oxalate for human health for certain extent. In one word, Z ＋ 1/2NK treatment is an optimum treatment for spinach production under this experimental condition.