丙烯腈对鼠类颊粘膜早期损害的实验研究

An in vitro study of acrylonitrile inducing early damage on buccal mucosa of murine

目的观察化工产品丙烯腈及酒精对大小鼠颊粘膜的影响。方法将大小鼠分别分组，给予不同剂量的丙烯腈或丙烯腈加酒精，染毒１３周后，取颊粘膜用光镜和透射电镜观察其结构。结果丙烯腈对鼠类颊粘膜有直接毒性，并可致癌前样病变——粘膜上皮的不典型增生，如上皮不全角化、细胞核肿大变形、桥粒半桥粒减少、基膜断裂和线粒体肿胀变性等，其程度与所给剂量成正比，而酒精可加重其病变。结论颊粘膜可作为一个窗口来观察丙烯腈等有毒物对肌体的慢性毒害及癌前损害。

Objective Understand the change and damage of rats and mice buccal mucosa tissue structure poisoned by acrylonitrile and alcohol.Methods Using optical microscope and transmitted electron microscope (TEM) techniques,observed the structure of rats and mice buccal mucosa which poisoned by acrylonitrile and alcohol for 13 weeks in different dosages.Results Acrylonitrile can damage the ultrastructure of the cells and lead to precancerous dysplasia,such as enlargement and deformation of nuclei,reducing of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes,break of basement membrane,swelling and denaturalization of mitochondrion.The degree of damage was correlated with its dosage.Alcohol can increase the damage caused by acrylonitrile.Conclusion Both acrylonitrile and alcohol can destroy the ultrastructure of cells,TEM is helpful for diagnosing diseases in their early stage,and buccal mucosa can be used as a window for observing the diseases caused by many toxic factors.