中学生道路交通安全教育干预效果评价研究

Evaluation on the effects of education regarding road safety among middle school students

目的以交通安全知、信、行为评价指标，探讨中学生道路交通安全教育干预的效果。方法以济南市7所中学的初一、初二、高一、高二学生为干预组，以合肥市某中学相同年级学生为对照组。对干预组进行交通安全教育干预，比较干预前后学生交通安全知、信、行的变化，并与同期对照比较。结果随访时干预组各项交通安全知识的平均得分比基线调查时均有显著提高（范围：0．9～3．8），对照组提高幅度较低（范围：0～0．2）；随访时两组学生的交通安全态度都趋向消极，但干预组的变化幅度较小，且有更多的学生将交通事故的原因归咎于中学生自身；随访期间两组学生每周违反交通规则的频率没有显著变化，每周违反交通规则的次数在2次以下者所占比例约为75％～80％。干预组3种违章行为有所改善，但有2种行为变得更差，而对照组有1种行为有所改善，3种行为变得更差。结论交通安全教育对提高中学生交通安全知识有明显作用，对改善交通安全态度也体现出一定的积极作用。交通安全教育应及早进行，探索新的更有效的干预方法是未来重要的研究方向。

Objective To evaluate the intervention effects for road traffic accident prevention among middle school students through understanding their knowledge, attitude and practice （KAP） on road safety. Methods Students in Grade 1 and Grade 2 from 7 junior and senior middle schools in Ji＇ nan city were selected as intervention group and students from a middle school in Hefei city served as control group. Education was provided to the intervention group and all the middle school students in Ji＇ nan city. Changes of KAP on road safety were measured for both groups during the follow-up period, and comparison on KAP for the two groups was carried statistically. Results The mean scores of road safety knowledge for intervention group improved significantly during the follow-up period （from 0.9-3.8）, while these indices did not change much in the control group （from 0-0.2）. Negative attitude on road safety was found in both groups, but less in the intervention group. More students started to admit that middle school students themselves should be responsible for most of the RTAs. Per week frequency of violating traffic rules did not improve, however during the follow-up period on both groups as still 75% to 80% of the students violating the traffic rules less than 2 times per week. Although three kinds and one kind of traffic rules violation seemed to have improved in the intervention group and in the control group, there were still two and three other kinds turned worse in the intervention and in the control group, respectively. Conclusion Program on road safety education significantly improved the relative knowledge for middle school student and it exerted positive effects in road safety attitude to some extent. However, no significant effect was found in the improvement on their behavior. Education on road safety should be carried out in the early stage of childhood with newer and more effective intervention approaches.