含蜡原油降凝剂与石蜡作用机理的研究进展与探讨

Research Progress and Discussion of the Performance Mechanisms Between Pour Point Depressants and Wax in Waxy Crude Oils

高分子降凝剂产品已广泛应用于原油的开采和输送工艺中,但是,对降凝剂降凝机理认识的不足制约了降凝剂的开发和应用。降凝剂与油品中石蜡的相互作用决定其降凝机理。本文综述了近年来人们在研究降凝剂与石蜡作用机理方面所使用的研究方法和所取得的进展,并深入探讨了降凝剂与石蜡的具体作用方式。对于含蜡原油,降凝剂主要通过与石蜡的共晶、吸附作用使蜡晶结构更紧凑,并促进小蜡晶聚集成较大尺寸的聚集体,从而大大降低蜡-油界面积,破坏蜡晶三维网络的形成,宏观上表现为原油凝点降低,低温流动性改善。

High molecular weight pour point depressants （PPD） have been widely used in fields such as crude oil recovery and crude oil transportation. However, the lack understanding of depressive mechanisms of PPD limited the exploitation and application of PPD. The interactions between PPD and wax in the oil phase determined the depressive mechanisms of PPD. In this paper, the recent research methods and research progress in the interaction mechanisms between PPD and wax were summarized. The interaction mechanisms between PPD and wax were also discussed here. We considered that the addition of PPD in waxy crude oil could make the wax crystal structure more compact, thus reducing the wax crystal-oil interface. Moreover, the small wax crystals could aggregate into large wax crystal aggregates, thus further reducing the wax crystal-oil interface. The reduction of wax crystal-oil interface depressed the formation of a three-dimensional network structure of wax crystals, thus decreasing the pour point and improving the low temperature flowability of waxy crude oils.