螺蜷天线特性的数值分析

Numerical analysis on the performance of spiral antennas

利用基于RWG(rao-wilton-glisson)基函数的矩量法求平面螺蜷天线和圆锥螺蜷天线表面电流,并进一步计算出天线的输入阻抗、方向性、增益、辐射功率、空间电场大小。分析结果显示这两种天线的输入阻抗值约为自互补结构天线的输入阻抗的理论值(满足巴比涅原理),即空间本征阻抗1/2,188.5Ω;方向性、增益和辐射功率大小在这一频带内也比较稳定。在高斯微分脉冲激励下,结合傅立叶反变换方法得到时域的辐射脉冲电场波形,从波形可知螺蜷天线用作脉冲辐射天线时,辐射电场波形具有高斯二次微分特性。

The surfaces of the Planar Spiral Antennas and Conical Spiral Antennas are analyzed with planar triangle. The surface currents of the antennas are solved by using the Method of Moment （MoM） based on the RWG basis function. The input impedance, directivity, gain, radiated power and radiation field of the antenna can be found. The results indicate that, in very wide frequency band, the value of the input impedance equals to the theoretical value of Self--Compensated antennas （in agreement with Babinet-- booker principle）, which is, 188. 5 ohm , the half of the wave impedance of free space, while the directivity, gain and radiated power are stable within the frequency band. When the antenna is driven by the signal of derivative Gaussian pulse, the radiating electric field waveform is obtained by the Fourier transform. When the spiral antenna is used as the pulse radiation antenna, the waveform of the radiation electric field shows the characteristics of the Gaussian quadratic differential.