我国本土制造业企业出口决定因素的实证分析

Determinants of Export in Chinese Local Manufacturing Firm

利用对江苏省342家本土制造业企业调查问卷的样本数据,本文试图揭示中国本土企业出口扩张的决定因素,这一研究是判断中国出口竞争优势来源和经济可持续增长的微观基础。本研究表明,产品供应链关系是促进中国本土制造企业出口的重要因素;企业规模与出口密集度之间呈现出U型非线性相关关系;产业集聚所体现的企业区位因素对出口具有显著正向作用。值得注意的是,经典贸易理论所强调的技术创新、人力资本与资本密集度因素,并未成为中国本土制造业企业出口的决定因素。进一步,本文发现不同规模企业的出口决定因素存在显著差异。这提醒人们,中国本土企业有可能被国际大买家"俘获"或"锁定"于全球价值链分工体系中的低端环节,从而造成中国本土企业出口竞争优势持续提升能力的缺失。

With the questionnaires from 342 local companies, we conclude that intra-product division, enterprise＇s size and location have positive effects on China＇s manufacturing companies＇ export competitiveness, while there is no such crucial impact from other factors strengthened by classical trade theory such as technology innovation, human capital and capital intensity. In the context of China＇s economic transformation, institutional factors play an important role on local companies＇ expansion of export, which shows itself in the promotion to small-scaled companies＇ export. China＇s local enterprises have an advantage in its conciliatory income of so-called clustering effect, a side effect of which is that they can also lock local enterprises in the bottom of industrial chain and block their further improvement in export competitiveness ability.