中国危害社会行为二元界分理论及其缺陷

Embarrassment of the ＂Amphibious Cases＂： The duality system of offense and its disadvantage

中国公安机关在调查违法犯罪行为时经常发生“两栖案件”现象，即涉案行为在治安违法与刑事犯罪两者之间难以界分，导致在立案环节既可能被受理为治安案件，也可能被立为刑事案件，或者在调查程序申，发生改变案件类型和处理程序的情况。在案件处理结果上，也存在着治安处罚、刑事处罚或劳动教养几种可能性。“两栖案件”的产生缘于中国法制将本质相同的危害社会行为政策性地二元界分为治安违法和刑事犯罪，这种二元界分法存在诸多违背法学理论或法律原则的缺陷，也导致现实中的执法障碍。立法部门和理论研究者应当反思这种制度设计。

The ＂Amphibious Cases＂ always appear when the Chinese public security organ investigate offenses--some offenses can not be differentiated between crime and violations against public order, leading to be handled as a case of violation against public order or a criminal case; in the investigating process, the case＇s type and its procedure might be swinging; and the final result of the ＂Amphibious Cases＂ might be public order administrative penalty, criminal penalty, or reeducation through labor. Leading by criminal policy, Chinese legislator divided the same offense into two types---crime and violation against public order--which could be called the duality system. It is the duality system that leads to the emergence of ＂amphibious cases＂. This duality system is contrary to the juristic theory and legal principles, and leads to the obstacles during law enforcement in reality. Legislative department and theoretical researchers should reflect on the design of this duality system.