氮素分期优化管理对冬小麦产量和籽粒品质的影响

The Effect of Nitrogen Optimized Management Method on Grain Quality of Winter Wheat

采用田间试验,对氮素分期优化管理方法对小麦籽粒品质的影响进行了研究,以期为高产、优质、资源高效、环境保护等多重目标并重的养分资源优化管理提供理论依据。结果表明:氮素供应量最优的处理(冬小麦返青期氮素供应量即0～60cm土壤Nmin+肥料氮为90kg/hm2,拔节期追氮量即施用肥料氮30kg/hm2)的冬小麦籽粒产量和其他氮素供应量处理没有显著差异;氮素供应量最优的处理冬小麦籽粒的粗蛋白和面筋含量显著低于在返青期和拔节期供氮量都高的处理(冬小麦返青期氮素供应量即0～60cm土壤Nmin+肥料氮为150kg/hm2、拔节期追氮量即施用肥料氮90kg/hm2),但与其他处理相比差异不显著;以高产、资源高效和环境保护为前提的冬小麦氮肥分期优化施用量获得了最高产量的同时兼具较好的小麦籽粒品质。

The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen optimized management method on grain quality of winter wheat in order to supply theoretic basis for nutrient optimized management with the aim of high yield, excellent grain quality, high efficiency of nutrient resource and friendly environment. The main results were as follows： There was no significant difference in the winter wheat grain yield between optimized N supply rate （nitrogen supply by soil Nmin in 0-60 cm and fertilizer was 90 kg/hm^2 at regreening stage and nitrogen supply by Fertilizer 30 kg/hm^2 at shooting stage）. Gross protein and gluten contents of winter wheat grain of optimized N supply rate was significantly higher than that of highest N supply rates （nitrogen supply by soil Nmin in 0-60 cm and fertilizer was 150 kg/hm^2 at regreening stage and nitrogen supply by Fertilizer 90 kg/hm^2 at shooting stage）, but there was no significant differences compared with other nitrogen supply rates. Nitrogen optimized management method with the aim of high yield, high efficiency of nutrient resource and friendly environment effect got excellent grain quality of winter wheat.